Operator Java: Aritmetik, Relasional, Logik dan lain-lain

Dalam tutorial ini, anda akan belajar mengenai pelbagai jenis operator di Java, sintaksnya dan cara menggunakannya dengan bantuan contoh.

Pengendali adalah simbol yang melakukan operasi pada pemboleh ubah dan nilai. Sebagai contoh, +adalah operator yang digunakan untuk penambahan, sementara *juga operator yang digunakan untuk pendaraban.

Pengendali di Jawa boleh dikelaskan kepada 5 jenis:

  1. Pengendali Aritmetik
  2. Pengendali Tugasan
  3. Pengendali Perhubungan
  4. Pengendali Logik
  5. Pengendali Tidak Berguna
  6. Pengendali Bitwise

1. Operator Aritmetik Java

Operator aritmetik digunakan untuk melakukan operasi aritmetik pada pemboleh ubah dan data. Sebagai contoh,

 a + b;

Di sini, +operator digunakan untuk menambahkan dua pemboleh ubah a dan b. Begitu juga, terdapat pelbagai operator aritmetik lain di Jawa.

Pengendali Operasi
+ Penambahan
- Penolakan
* Pendaraban
/ Bahagian
% Modulo Operasi (Sisa selepas pembahagian)

Contoh 1: Pengendali Aritmetik

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // declare variables int a = 12, b = 5; // addition operator System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b)); // subtraction operator System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b)); // multiplication operator System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b)); // division operator System.out.println("a / b = " + (a / b)); // modulo operator System.out.println("a % b = " + (a % b)); ) )

Pengeluaran

 a + b = 17 a - b = 7 a * b = 60 a / b = 2 a% b = 2

Dalam contoh di atas, kita telah menggunakan +, -dan *pengendali untuk mengira penambahan, penolakan, pendaraban dan operasi.

/ Pengendali Bahagian

Perhatikan operasi, a / bdalam program kami. The /pengendali adalah pengendali bahagian ini.

Sekiranya kita menggunakan operator pembahagian dengan dua bilangan bulat, maka hasil bagi yang dihasilkan juga akan menjadi bilangan bulat. Dan, jika salah satu operan adalah nombor floating-point, kita akan mendapat hasilnya juga dalam floating-point.

 In Java, (9 / 2) is 4 (9.0 / 2) is 4.5 (9 / 2.0) is 4.5 (9.0 / 2.0) is 4.5

% Pengendali Modulo

Pengendali modulo %mengira baki. Apabila a = 7dibahagi dengan b = 4, selebihnya adalah 3 .

Catatan : %Pengendali digunakan terutamanya dengan bilangan bulat.

2. Operator Tugasan Java

Operator penugasan digunakan di Java untuk memberikan nilai kepada pemboleh ubah. Sebagai contoh,

 int age; age = 5;

Inilah =pengendali tugasan. Ia memberikan nilai di sebelah kanannya ke pemboleh ubah di sebelah kirinya. Maksudnya, 5 ditugaskan untuk usia berubah.

Mari lihat lebih banyak pengendali tugasan yang terdapat di Java.

Pengendali Contohnya Bersamaan dengan
= a = b; a = b;
+= a += b; a = a + b;
-= a -= b; a = a - b;
*= a *= b; a = a * b;
/= a /= b; a = a / b;
%= a %= b; a = a % b;

Contoh 2: Pengendali Tugasan

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // create variables int a = 4; int var; // assign value using = var = a; System.out.println("var using =: " + var); // assign value using =+ var += a; System.out.println("var using +=: " + var); // assign value using =* var *= a; System.out.println("var using *=: " + var); ) )

Pengeluaran

 var menggunakan =: 4 var menggunakan + =: 8 var menggunakan * =: 32

3. Operator Relasi Java

Operator hubungan digunakan untuk memeriksa hubungan antara dua operan. Sebagai contoh,

 // check is a is less than b a < b;

Di sini, >pengendali adalah pengendali hubungan. Ia memeriksa apakah a kurang dari b atau tidak.

Ia kembali sama ada trueatau false.

Pengendali Penerangan Contohnya
== Adalah sama dengan 3 == 5kembali palsu
!= Tidak Sama dengan 3 != 5kembali benar
> Lebih besar daripada 3> 5kembali palsu
< Kurang daripada 3 < 5kembali benar
>= Lebih Besar Dari atau Sama Dengan 3>= 5kembali palsu
<= Kurang Dari atau Sama Dengan 3 <= 5kembali palsu

Contoh 3: Pengendali Perhubungan

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // create variables int a = 7, b = 11; // value of a and b System.out.println("a is " + a + " and b is " + b); // == operator System.out.println(a == b); // false // != operator System.out.println(a != b); // true //> operator System.out.println(a> b); // false // < operator System.out.println(a = operator System.out.println(a>= b); // false // <= operator System.out.println(a <= b); // true ) )

Catatan : Operator hubungan digunakan dalam membuat keputusan dan gelung.

4. Operator Logikal Java

Pengendali logik digunakan untuk memeriksa sama ada ungkapan itu trueatau false. Mereka digunakan dalam membuat keputusan.

Pengendali Contohnya Makna
&& (Logik DAN) expression1 && expression2 true only if both expression1 and expression2 are true
|| (Logical OR) expression1 || expression2 true if either expression1 or expression2 is true
! (Logical NOT) !expression true if expression is false and vice versa

Example 4: Logical Operators

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // && operator System.out.println((5> 3) && (8> 5)); // true System.out.println((5> 3) && (8 < 5)); // false // || operator System.out.println((5 5)); // true System.out.println((5> 3) || (8 < 5)); // true System.out.println((5 < 3) || (8 3)); // false ) )

Working of Program

  • (5> 3) && (8> 5) returns true because both (5> 3) and (8> 5) are true.
  • (5> 3) && (8 < 5) returns false because the expression (8 < 5) is false.
  • (5> 3) || (8> 5) returns true because the expression (8> 5) is true.
  • (5> 3) && (8> 5) returns true because the expression (5> 3) is true.
  • (5> 3) && (8> 5) returns false because both (5 < 3) and (8 < 5) are false.
  • !(5 == 3) returns true because 5 == 3 is false.
  • !(5> 3) returns false because 5> 3 is true.

5. Java Unary Operators

Unary operators are used with only one operand. For example, ++ is a unary operator that increases the value of a variable by 1. That is, ++5 will return 6.

Different types of unary operators are:

Operator Meaning
+ Unary plus: not necessary to use since numbers are positive without using it
- Unary minus: inverts the sign of an expression
++ Increment operator: increments value by 1
-- Decrement operator: decrements value by 1
! Logical complement operator: inverts the value of a boolean

Increment and Decrement Operators

Java also provides increment and decrement operators: ++ and -- respectively. ++ increases the value of the operand by 1, while -- decrease it by 1. For example,

 int num = 5; // increase num by 1 ++num;

Here, the value of num gets increased to 6 from its initial value of 5.

Example 5: Increment and Decrement Operators

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( // declare variables int a = 12, b = 12; int result1, result2; // original value System.out.println("Value of a: " + a); // increment operator result1 = ++a; System.out.println("After increment: " + result1); System.out.println("Value of b: " + b); // decrement operator result2 = --b; System.out.println("After decrement: " + result2); ) )

Output

 Value of a: 12 After increment: 13 Value of b: 12 After decrement: 11

In the above program, we have used the ++ and -- operator as prefixes (++a, --b). We can also use these operators as postfix (a++, b++).

There is a slight difference when these operators are used as prefix versus when they are used as a postfix.

To learn more about these operators, visit increment and decrement operators.

6. Java Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators in Java are used to perform operations on individual bits. For example,

 Bitwise complement Operation of 35 35 = 00100011 (In Binary) ~ 00100011 ________ 11011100 = 220 (In decimal)

Here, ~ is a bitwise operator. It inverts the value of each bit (0 to 1 and 1 to 0).

The various bitwise operators present in Java are:

Operator Description
~ Bitwise Complement
<< Left Shift
>> Right Shift
>>> Unsigned Right Shift
& Bitwise AND
^ Bitwise exclusive OR

These operators are not generally used in Java. To learn more, visit Java Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators.

Other operators

Besides these operators, there are other additional operators in Java.

Java instanceof Operator

The instanceof operator checks whether an object is an instanceof a particular class. For example,

 class Main ( public static void main(String() args) ( String str = "Programiz"; boolean result; // checks if str is an instance of // the String class result = str instanceof String; System.out.println("Is str an object of String? " + result); ) )

Output

 Is str an object of String? true

Here, str is an instance of the String class. Hence, the instanceof operator returns true. To learn more, visit Java instanceof.

Java Ternary Operator

The ternary operator (conditional operator) is shorthand for the if-then-else statement. For example,

 variable = Expression ? expression1 : expression2

Here's how it works.

  • If the Expression is true, expression1 is assigned to the variable.
  • If the Expression is false, expression2 is assigned to the variable.

Let's see an example of a ternary operator.

 class Java ( public static void main(String() args) ( int februaryDays = 29; String result; // ternary operator result = (februaryDays == 28) ? "Not a leap year" : "Leap year"; System.out.println(result); ) )

Output

 Leap year

In the above example, we have used the ternary operator to check if the year is a leap year or not. To learn more, visit the Java ternary operator.

Sekarang setelah anda mengetahui mengenai pengendali Java, sudah waktunya untuk mengetahui urutan pengendali yang dinilai. Untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut, lawati Java Operator Precedence.

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